The respiratory system, functionally, can be separated in two zones conducting zones (nose to bronchioles) form a path for conduction of the inhaled gases and respiratory zone (alveolar duct to alveoli) where the gas exchange takes place. Various anaesthetic drugs alter neuronal control of the breathing and bronchomotor tone. Ventilation perfusion mismatch leads to reduced arterial oxygen concentration mainly because of early closure of airway, thus leading to decreased ventilation and atelectasis during anaesthesia. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, an important safety mechanism, is inhibited by majority of the anaesthetic drugs. Ventilation to perfusion ratio alters with anaesthesia, body position and with one-lung anaesthesia. Understanding of ventilation, perfusion and their relation with each other is important for understanding respiratory physiology. Such knowledge has influence on airway management, lung isolation during anaesthesia, management of cases with respiratory disorders, respiratory endoluminal procedures and optimising ventilator strategies in the perioperative period. It also optimises patient's ventilatory condition and airway patency. Clinical application of anatomical and physiological knowledge of respiratory system improves patient's safety during anaesthesia.
0 kommentar(er)
